Chapter 1: Nursing Leadership, Management, and Motivation MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to Lussier (1999), motivation . a. is unconsciously demonstrated by people b. occurs externally to influence behavior c. is determined by the choices of others d. occurs internally to influence behavior ANS: D Motivation is a process that occurs internally to influence and direct our behavior in order to satisfy our needs. Motivation is not explicitly demonstrated by people, but rather interpreted from their behavior. Motivation is whatever influences our choices and creates direction, intensity, and persistence in our behavior. PTS: 1 OBJ: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Motivation 2. Lussier (1999) noted that there are content motivation theories and process motivation theories. Which of the following is considered a process motivation theory? a. equity theory b. hierarchy of needs theory c. expectancy-relatedness-growth theory d. hygiene maintenance and motivation factors ANS: A The process motivation theories are equity theory and expectancy theory. The content motivation theories include Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, Aldefer’s expectancy-relatedness-growth theory, and Herzberg’s hygiene maintenance factors and motivation factors. PTS: 1 OBJ: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Motivation 3. The theory that includes maintenance and motivation factors is: a. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs c. McGregor’s theory X and theory Y b. Herzberg’s two-factor theory d. Ouchi’s theory Z ANS: B The two-factor theory of motivation includes motivation and maintenance factors. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs includes the following needs physiological, safety, security, belonging, and self-actualization. In theory X, employees prefer security, direction, and minimal responsibility. In theory Y, employees enjoy their work, show self-control and discipline, are able to contribute creatively, and are motivated by ties to the group, organization, and to the work itself. The focus of theory Z is based on collective decision making and long-term employment that involves slower promotions and less direct supervision. PTS: 1 OBJ: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Motivation 4. Leadership that is based upon occupying a position in an organization is called: a. informal leadership c. leadership b. formal leadership d. management ANS: B
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