CFE Exam - Fraud Prevention and Deterrence What did BF Skinner say is the least effective method of changing behavior? - ✔✔Punishment because The behavior continues as soon as the punishment is discontinued How is behavior most effectively modified? - ✔✔Managing and modifying desires through reinforcement (replacing destructive behaviors with productive ones) What are the two different types of reinforcement? - ✔✔Positive and negative What is negative reinforcement? - ✔✔With drawl a negative stimulus in exchange for the response What is positive reinforcement? - ✔✔Present a positive stimulus in exchange for the desired response What does punishment involve? - ✔✔Either applying a negative stimulus or withdrawing a positive stimulus How does punishment work? - ✔✔By providing negative consequences. For example and ministry in penalties and taking away desirables What does Skinner say about conditioning? - ✔✔We can condition incompatible behavior that interferes with a persons usually acts by encouraging the improper behaviors opposite (rewarding a for child controlling outbursts) What can you do to condition fraudsters? - ✔✔Reward honesty, openness, and cooperation What is the theory of differential association? - ✔✔deviance is learned behavior that results from continual exposure to others who violate norms; What are the main points of theory of differential association? Edwin Sutherland - ✔✔1. Criminal behavior is learned 2. Acquired through communication and personal groups 3. Learning differs from pure invitation 4. Criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values 5. Motives and drives are learned from definitions of legal codes as being favorable or unfavorable What is social control theory? - ✔✔A persons chances of violating the law are increased when a person fails to become attached to the variety of control agencies of the society Under social control theory, what are people likely to ask themselves when possibly violating the law? - ✔✔What will my spouse or my mother or father think if they find out? Under social control theory, what deters people from committing criminal acts? - ✔✔People whose opinion or important to them will be disappointed
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