Blood borne Pathogen Standard is required by Correct Answer: OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Bloodborne Pathogen Standard applies to Correct Answer: employees in all industries who may be exposed to blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) Bloodborne Pathogens Correct Answer: microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites that can enter the human blood stream causing diseases The three most common BBPs of importance are Correct Answer: -Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) -Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) -Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Hepatitis Viruses Correct Answer: inflammation of the liver -symptoms: pain and swelling Hepatitis B Transmission Correct Answer: contact with infectious blood, semen, and other body fluids primarily through: -mother to baby** -sexual transmission* -sharing needles, razors, toothbrushes, etc. Hepatitis B Risk Correct Answer: Health-care and public safety workers who have contact with blood or body fluids or blood-contaminated products are at risk Acute vs Chronic Correct Answer: -Individuals infected for the first time are acute, infections typically last 6 weeks or less; some people clear the infection while others develop chronic (long term) infections -acute infections are typically asymptomatic Effects of chronic hepatitis are Correct Answer: cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer Hepatitis B Treatment Correct Answer: there is no treatment for acute Hep-B, but 95% of acute HepB infections in adults clear completely and do not become chronic What percentage of infants and children become chronically ill Correct Answer: 90% of infants, 25% of children Prevention of Hepatitis B in healthcare setting Correct Answer: -Hepatitis B vaccination (95% effective) -Universal precautions Indirect Exposure from Hepatitis B Correct Answer: exposure from contaminated objects is a risk because HBV can remain infectious on environmental surfaces for up to a week in the form of dried blood
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